(P11. Caesar05a) BGP routing policies in ISP networks Review

What I learned

  1. people do with BGP - Traffic Engineering: load balancing, steering traffic. > still, fat finger and scaling problem
  2. IGP, EGP is the right term to describe routing protocols. Internal Gateway Protocol, Exterior Gateway Protocol.
  3. Definition of Autonomous System: a set of routers following the same routing policy. โ€œpeer-to-peerโ€ relationship usually means ASes exchange traffic but not pay money. Tier-1 AS: an AS that has no providers, so all Tier-1s must talk to each other directly. Private Network Interconnect (PNI): when two ASes agree to connect directly.
  4. iBGP is not IGP!!! (pretty shocking ๐Ÿ˜ณ)IGPย is used to find the best paths for internal traffic, whileย iBGPย is used to propagate external route information within an AS.

BGP Messages
โ€ข just a few simple messages
โ€“ OPEN: set up connection and parameters
โ€“ UPDATE: change a route w/attributes
โ€ข also called โ€œinjectโ€ or โ€œwithdrawโ€ a route
โ€“ NOTIFICATION: error reporting
โ€“ KEEPALIVE: no change, but link is up
โ€ข everything interesting is attributes to update

BGP Routing table Attribute Example
12/8(Network Address), 1, 2(AS Path), my interface address (next hop)

BGP Attributes

donโ€™t forward routes from our providers (weโ€™re not a transit): no-valley routing

Q) origin type?

Stats to Remember

Some IPv4 BGP Stats (as of 2024-09-19) (data from Japan (bgp-stats@lists.apnic.net))

IPv6 BGP Stats


Path: ๋‚ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์• ๋“คํ•œํ…Œ

ONLY TRANSIT PROVIDER ANNOUNCE CUSTOMERS !!!
(Ex: USC does not announce )
-> Does this mean origin-only AS?

-> Question: What happens if ISPs exploit our network by using it as a path?
Answer; (general policy) โ€˜no-valleyโ€™ rule: ISPs donโ€™t send transit traffic through the customers, because it is transit-providerโ€™s jobs.
NTT? Lumen? C-NIC?

Q) loop? AS-PATH Prepending?
Answer; It is their choice! Maybe open a ticket.

์ ‘๊ธฐ

"BGP Routing Policies in ISP Networks" ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์ž(ISP) ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” BGP(Border Gateway Protocol) ๋ผ์šฐํŒ… ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. BGP๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ž์œจ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(AS, Autonomous Systems) ๊ฐ„์— ๋ผ์šฐํŒ… ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ตํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ๋กœ, ๊ฐ ISP๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ผ์šฐํŒ… ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๋“ค์ด BGP ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

1. BGP ๋ผ์šฐํŒ… ๊ฐœ์š”

2. BGP ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์„ ํƒ ๊ณผ์ •

3. ISP์˜ BGP ๋ผ์šฐํŒ… ์ •์ฑ…

4. BGP ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ

5. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก 

6. ๊ฒฐ๋ก 

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ISP๋“ค์ด BGP ๋ผ์šฐํŒ… ์ •์ฑ…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Origin Type?

Origin type์€ **BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)**์—์„œ ํŠน์ • ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์†์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” BGP์˜ ORIGIN ์†์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๋ฉฐ, IP ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ORIGIN์€ BGP ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์„ ํƒ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

BGP์—์„œ origin type์€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  1. IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol):

    • 0์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ AS ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ AS ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์„ค์ •๋œ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์ด๊ณ , BGP ์™ธ์˜ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ(์˜ˆ: OSPF, RIP)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  2. EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol):

    • 1๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ **EGP(๊ณผ๊ฑฐ BGP์˜ ์ „์‹ )**๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•™์Šต๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. EGP๋Š” BGP๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋˜ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ๋กœ, ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • BGP์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„์˜ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. INCOMPLETE:

    • 2๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํฌ๋œ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋กœ, BGP ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐฉ์‹(์˜ˆ: ์ •์  ๊ฒฝ๋กœ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํฌ๋œ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•™์Šต๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ •๋ฆฌ:

Background Information
Idea
Contribution
Related Documents
Remaining Questions

11.0/9
11.128/9